802.11a/b/g/n/ac Kukula ndi kusiyanitsa

802.11a/b/g/n/ac Kukula ndi Kusiyanitsa
Chiyambireni kutulutsidwa koyamba kwa Wi-Fi kwa ogula mu 1997, mulingo wa Wi-Fi wakhala ukusintha mosalekeza, nthawi zambiri kuthamanga ndikukulitsa kufalikira.Monga momwe ntchito zidawonjezedwa pamiyezo yoyambirira ya IEEE 802.11, zidasinthidwanso kudzera muzosintha zake (802.11b, 802.11g, etc.)

802.11b 2.4GHz
802.11b imagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a 2.4 GHz ofanana ndi 802.11 yoyambirira.Imathandizira kuthamanga kwambiri kwamalingaliro a 11 Mbps ndi osiyanasiyana mpaka 150 mapazi.Zida za 802.11b ndizotsika mtengo, koma muyezo uwu uli ndi liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri komanso lotsika kwambiri pakati pa miyezo yonse ya 802.11.Ndipo chifukwa cha 802.11b ikugwira ntchito pa 2.4 GHz, zida zapakhomo kapena maukonde ena a 2.4 GHz Wi Fi angayambitse kusokoneza.

802.11a 5GHz OFDM
Mtundu wosinthidwa "a" wa muyezo uwu umatulutsidwa nthawi imodzi ndi 802.11b.Ikubweretsa ukadaulo wovuta kwambiri wotchedwa OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) popanga ma siginecha opanda zingwe.802.11a imapereka maubwino ena kuposa 802.11b: imagwira ntchito mu bandi yafupipafupi ya 5 GHz ndipo sivuta kusokonezedwa.Ndipo bandwidth yake ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa 802.11b, yokhala ndi zongopeka za 54 Mbps.
Mwina simunakumanepo ndi zida kapena ma routers ambiri a 802.11a.Izi ndichifukwa choti zida za 802.11b ndizotsika mtengo komanso zimachulukirachulukira pamsika wa ogula.802.11a imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamabizinesi.

802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM
Muyezo wa 802.11g umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa OFDM womwewo ngati 802.11a.Monga 802.11a, imathandizira kuchuluka kwamalingaliro kwa 54 Mbps.Komabe, monga 802.11b, imagwira ntchito mumayendedwe odzaza a 2.4 GHz (ndipo chifukwa chake imakhala ndi zovuta zosokoneza monga 802.11b).802.11g ndi kumbuyo n'zogwirizana ndi 802.11b zipangizo: 802.11b zipangizo akhoza kulumikiza kwa 802.11g kupeza malo (koma pa 802.11b liwiro).
Ndi 802.11g, ogula apita patsogolo kwambiri pa liwiro la Wi Fi ndi kuphimba.Pakadali pano, poyerekeza ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyomu yazinthu, ma routers opanda zingwe a ogula akukhala abwinoko, okhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kuphimba bwino.

802.11n (Wi Fi 4) 2.4/5GHz MIMO
Ndi muyezo wa 802.11n, Wi Fi yakhala yofulumira komanso yodalirika.Imathandizira kufalikira kwapazipita zongoyerekeza za 300 Mbps (mpaka 450 Mbps mukamagwiritsa ntchito tinyanga zitatu).802.11n imagwiritsa ntchito MIMO (Zotulutsa Zambiri Zambiri), pomwe ma transmitter/olandila angapo amagwira ntchito imodzi kumapeto kwa ulalo.Izi zitha kukulitsa kwambiri deta popanda kufuna bandwidth yapamwamba kapena mphamvu yotumizira.802.11n imatha kugwira ntchito mu 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz frequency band.

802.11ac (Wi Fi 5) 5GHz MU-MIMO
802.11ac imathandizira Wi Fi, ndi liwiro lochokera ku 433 Mbps mpaka magigabiti angapo pamphindikati.Kuti mukwaniritse izi, 802.11ac imagwira ntchito mu 5 GHz frequency band yokha, imathandizira mpaka mitsinje isanu ndi itatu (poyerekeza ndi mitsinje inayi ya 802.11n), imachulukitsa m'lifupi mwake mpaka 80 MHz, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotchedwa beamforming.Ndi kuwala, tinyanga zimatha kutumiza ma wayilesi, motero zimaloza ku zida zinazake.

Kupita patsogolo kwina kwa 802.11ac ndi Multi User (MU-MIMO).Ngakhale MIMO imatsogolera mitsinje ingapo kwa kasitomala m'modzi, MU-MIMO imatha kuwongolera nthawi imodzi mitsinje yamalo kwa makasitomala angapo.Ngakhale MU-MIMO sichimawonjezera liwiro la kasitomala aliyense, imatha kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa kwapaintaneti yonse.
Monga mukuwonera, magwiridwe antchito a Wi-Fi akupitilizabe kusinthika, kuthamanga komwe kungathe komanso magwiridwe antchito akuyandikira kuthamanga kwa waya

802.11ax Wi Fi 6
Mu 2018, WiFi Alliance idachitapo kanthu kuti apangitse mayina a WiFi kukhala osavuta kuzindikira ndikumvetsetsa.Asintha muyezo womwe ukubwera wa 802.11ax kukhala WiFi6

Wi Fi 6, 6 ali kuti?
Zizindikiro zingapo zogwirira ntchito za Wi-Fi zimaphatikizapo mtunda wotumizira, kuchuluka kwa kufalikira, kuchuluka kwa maukonde, ndi moyo wa batri.Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo komanso nthawi, zomwe anthu amafuna pa liwiro ndi bandwidth zikuchulukirachulukira.
Pali zovuta zingapo pamalumikizidwe achikhalidwe a Wi-Fi, monga kuchuluka kwa maukonde, kuphimba pang'ono, komanso kufunikira kosintha ma SSID nthawi zonse.
Koma Wi Fi 6 ibweretsa zosintha zatsopano: imakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwa zida, imathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri othamanga kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito pamawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe ikubweretsanso mtunda wautali komanso kufalikira kwapamwamba.
Ponseponse, poyerekeza ndi omwe adatsogolera, mwayi wa Wi Fi 6 ndi "wapawiri okwera komanso otsika":
Kuthamanga kwakukulu: Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje monga uplink MU-MIMO, 1024QAM modulation, ndi 8 * 8MIMO, liwiro lalikulu la Wi Fi 6 likhoza kufika ku 9.6Gbps, zomwe zimati zikufanana ndi liwiro la stroke.
Kufikira kwapamwamba: Kusintha kofunikira kwambiri kwa Wi Fi 6 ndikuchepetsa kuchulukana komanso kulola zida zambiri kuti zilumikizane ndi netiweki.Pakadali pano, Wi Fi 5 imatha kulumikizana ndi zida zinayi nthawi imodzi, pomwe Wi Fi 6 imalola kulumikizana ndi zida zingapo nthawi imodzi.Wi Fi 6 imagwiritsanso ntchito OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) ndi matekinoloje opangira ma siginecha ambiri ochokera ku 5G kuti apititse patsogolo luso la Spectral ndi maukonde motsatana.
Kuchedwa kochepa: Pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje monga OFDMA ndi SpatialReuse, Wi Fi 6 imathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito angapo kufalitsa mofanana mkati mwa nthawi iliyonse, kuthetsa kufunikira kwa kupanga mizere ndi kudikirira, kuchepetsa mpikisano, kuwongolera bwino, ndi kuchepetsa kuchedwa.Kuchokera ku 30ms kwa Wi Fi 5 mpaka 20ms, ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa 33%.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa: TWT, teknoloji ina yatsopano mu Wi Fi 6, imalola AP kukambirana kulankhulana ndi ma terminals, kuchepetsa nthawi yofunikira kuti apitirize kufalitsa ndi kufufuza zizindikiro.Izi zikutanthawuza kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito batire ndikuwongolera moyo wa batri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa 30% pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zama terminal.

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